BASIC SCHEME OF EDUCATION ADVOCATED BY MAHATMA GANDHI: THE APOSTLE OF PEACE

Zahida Jan

doi:10.54443/ijset.v3i7.489

BASIC SCHEME OF EDUCATION ADVOCATED BY MAHATMA GANDHI: THE APOSTLE OF PEACE

Zahida Jan

Mahatma Gandhi's Basic Scheme of Education, known as Nai Talim, is a holistic educational philosophy that integrates intellectual, physical, and moral development. Rooted in the socio-economic and cultural context of India, it emphasizes self-sufficiency, practical skills, and the dignity of labor. Central to this approach is the concept of "learning by doing," where productive crafts form the core of the curriculum, fostering self-reliance and economic independence. Gandhi advocated for education in the mother tongue, the inclusion of moral and ethical teachings, and the promotion of community living to instill values of cooperation and social responsibility. Despite challenges in implementation and adaptation to modern contexts, Gandhi's principles remain relevant, offering a model that balances academic learning with vocational training and character development. His vision underscores the importance of an education system that is inclusive, culturally rooted, and capable of producing well-rounded individuals who contribute positively to society. Revisiting Gandhi's Nai Talim can provide valuable insights for creating a more equitable and sustainable educational framework in contemporary times.

Keywords: Gandhi, Basic Scheme, education, Philosophy and Principles

 Aggarwal, J. C. (2007). Theory and Principles of Education: Philosophical and Sociological Bases of Education. Vikas Publishing House.

 Prabhu, R. K., & Rao, U. R. (Eds.). (1967). The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi. Navajivan Publishing House.

 Prakash, V. (2010). Mahatma Gandhi's Vision of Education and Its Relevance Today. In V. P. Sharma (Ed.), Education in Emerging Indian Society (pp. 75-89). APH Publishing Corporation.

 Shah, G. (2004). Social Movements in India: A Review of Literature. SAGE Publications.

 Sharma, R. N. (2002). Philosophy and Sociology of Education. Surjeet Publications.

 Singh, K. (2009). Gandhi on Education. National Book Trust, India.

 Thapan, M. (2015). Education and Society: Themes, Perspectives, Practices. Oxford University Press.

 Bhattacharya, S. (2014). Foundations of Education. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.

 Das, G. P. (2010). Nai Talim: A Philosophy of Education. Mittal Publications.

 Gandhi, M. K. (1962). Basic Education. Navajivan Publishing House.

 Gandhi, M. K. (2008). The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (Vols. 1-98). Publications Division, Government of India.

 Khoshoo, T. N. (2002). Mahatma Gandhi: An Apostle of Applied Human Ecology. Indian National Science Academy.

 Kumar, K. (1996). Learning from Gandhi. Economic and Political Weekly, 31(3), 145-153.

 Nanda, B. R. (2001). Mahatma Gandhi: A Biography. Oxford University Press.

 Patel, V. (2009). Education for Life: A Gandhian Perspective. Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan.

Ernita, & Firmansyah. (2015). Performance Measurement Using Balanced Scorecard Concept On Co - Operatives : Implication In Indonesia. International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(12).

Ernita, Firmansyah, & Al Rozi, A. (2014). Factors Affecting The Members Participation On Cooperative In North Sumatera. International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research Volume, 3(10).

Fikri, M. H., Rini, E. S., Ginting, P., & Sembiring, B. K. F. (2022). Green-Innovation Value Creation Perspective In Improving Marketing Performance In Palm Oil Plantation Industry Access To Success. 23(186), 2559. Https://Doi.Org/10.47750/Qas/23.186.29

Firmansyah, F., Mawengkang, H., & Mujib, A. (2022). A Decision Model To Plan Optimally Production-Distribution Of Seafood Product With Multiple Locations. Mathematics, 1–13. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Math10183240

Handayani, L., Supriana, T., Rauf, A., & Rahmawaty. (2018). The Strategy Of Sustainable Soybean Development To Increase Soybean Needs In North Sumatera. International Conference On Agriculture, Environment, And Food Security, 0–6. Https://Doi.Org/Doi :10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012018

Hanum, H. H., & Syah, D. (2021). Juridical Review Of Building Rights Extension On Management Rights. Ijlr: International Journal Of Law Recontruction, 5(1), 116–125. Https://Doi.Org/Doi : Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.26532/Ijlr.V5i1.15580 Juridical

Juliandri, D. (2018). Discrete Optimization Model For Vehicle Routing Problem With Scheduling Side Cosntraints Discrete Optimization Model For Vehicle Routing Problem With Scheduling Side Cosntraints. Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering. Https://Doi.Org/10.1088/1757-899x/300/1/012024

Juliandri, D. P., Ridwan, M., & Aprilia, R. (2022). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Website Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Aksioma: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(2), 1524–1536. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.24127/Ajpm.V11i2.4875

Juliandri, D., Suwilo, S., Sitompul, O. S., & Sawaluddin. (2019). Optimization Model For A Location-Allocation- Routing In A Periodic Distribution Network Optimization Model For A Location-Allocation-Routing In A Periodic Distribution Network. Journal Of Physics: Conference Series Paper. Https://Doi.Org/10.1088/1742-6596/1255/1/012050

Lubis, A. S., Lumbanraja, P., & Absah, Y. (2021). Human Resource Competency 4 . 0 And Its Impact On Bank Indonesia Employees ’ Readiness For Transformational Change. Journal Of Organizational Change Management. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/Jocm-02-2021-0045

Mujib, A., & Firmansyah. (2022). Improvement Habits Of Minds In Constructing Mathematical Proof Using Dnr-Model. Aip Conference Proceedings 2577, 020038(July 2019). Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1063/5.0096095

Mulyono, H. (2020). Antecedents Of Student Loyalty Within Universities In North Sumatra Province , Indonesia. 7(12), 491–500. Https://Doi.Org/10.13106/Jafeb.2020.Vol7.No12.491

Mulyono, H. (2023). South Batak Tradition For Th Settlement Of Environmenta Disputes : A Tumbaga Holin Letter Model.

Mulyono, H., Hadian, A., Purba, N., & Pramono, R. (2020). Effect Of Service Quality Toward Student Satisfaction And Loyalty In Higher Education. Journal Of Asian Finance, Economics And Business, 7(10), 929–938. Https://Doi.Org/10.13106/Jafeb.2020.Vol7.No10.929

Mulyono, H., Indonesia, M., Karina, B., Sembiring, F., & Gultom, P. (2019). The Influence Of Servicescape University And Relationship Quality On Student Satisfaction Through University Image In The Influence Of Servicescape University And Relationship Quality On Student Satisfaction. November 2020.

Mulyono, H., & Syamsuri, A. R. (2023). Organizational Agility , Open Innovation , And Business Competitive Advantage : Evidence From Culinary Smes In Indonesia. 7(2), 268–275.

Novita, Y., Hasratuddin, & Firmansyah. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Melalui Pendekatan Matematika Realistik. Indonesian Journal Of Educational Research And Review, 3(2), 54–63.

Nuraini, Firmansyah, & Mawengkang, H. (2020). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Komunikasi Matematis. Journal For Lesson And Learning Studies, 3(1), 58–65.

Rangkuti, Y. ., Firmansyah, & Landong, A. (2022a). Control Optimal Analysis Of Seir Model Of Covid 19 Spread In Indonesia. Journal Of Physics: Conference Series. Https://Doi.Org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012091

Rangkuti, Y. ., Firmansyah, & Landong, A. (2022b). Sensitivity Analysis Of Seir Epidemic Model Of Covid 19 Spread In Indonesia. Journal Of Physics: Conference Series Paper. Https://Doi.Org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012092

Risnawaty, Sembiring, M., Fadilah, I., Subagiart, H., & Hasibuan, A. (2022). Macrostructure Analysis Of Indonesian-Translation And Source Texts Of The World Health Organization ’ S Covid -19 Pandemic Guidance. Indonesian Journal Of Applied Linguistics, 12(2), 533–544. Https://Doi.Org/10.17509/Ijal.V12i2.43858

Sarkum, S., Syamsuri, A. R., & Supriadi, S. (2020). The Role Of Multi-Actor Engagement. Journal Of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, And Complexity, 6(4), 176. https://doi.Org/10.3390/Joitmc6040176

Sarkum, S., & Syamsuri, A. Rasyi. (2021). The Role Of Marketing Function For Competitive Advantage. Quality Access To Succes, 22(126), 2021.

Siregar, N., Firmansyah, & Harahap, Y. S. (2023). Developing Students’ Worksheet For English Language Teaching To Cope With The 4c’s Skill Through Project Based Learning. Jurnal Paedagogy: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 10(1), 44–52. Https://E-Journal.Undikma.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Pedagogy/Index

Siregar, R., Risnawaty, Arfanti, Y., & Sembiring, M. (2020). Reflection Of Undergraduate Students On Translation Process : An Outlook Of Translation Teaching In University. Lingua Cultura, 14(July), 57–67. Https://Doi.Org/10.21512/Lc.V14i1.6232

Siregar, R., Risnawaty, R., Sembiring, M., & Safriandi, F. (2022). Students ’ Readiness On Language Distance Learning : Case Of Translation Teaching. 11(2), 986–994. Https://Doi.Org/10.11591/Ijere.V11i2.22037

Syamsuri, A. R., Dalimunthe, R. F., Gultom, P., & Siahaan, E. (2022). New Paradigm : Hr Professional Transformation In Manufacturing Company. 23(186), 2559. Https://Doi.Org/10.47750/Qas/23.186.16

Syamsuri, A. R., Halim, A., & Sarkum, S. (2019). Organizational Transformation : A Reviews Of The Literature. 8(08).

Syamsuri, A. R., Musannip, Z., & Siregar, E. (2019). Organizational Transformation Strategy : Perspective Of Hrm Theory. 8(10).

Yuliana, Y., Rini, E. S., Sirojuzilam, & Situmorang, Syafrizal, H. (2023). Mediating Role Of Authenticity In The Relationship Between Destination Image And Destination Loyalty. Innovative Marketing, 19(4). Https://Doi.Org/10.21511/Im.19(4).2023.02

Zainal, A. G., Risnawaty, R., Isyaku, H., & Sya, M. F. (2022). The Comparative Effect Of Using Original Short Stories And Local Short Stories As Two Types Of Cultural Sources On Indonesian Efl Lear Ners’ Reading Comprehension. Internastional Journal Of Society, Culture & Language Ijscl, 10(1).

Absah, Y., Sadalia, I., Yuliaty, T., & Ilham, R. N. (2023). Msmes In Medan City During the New Normal. Quality - Access to Success, 24(193), 322–327. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.193.36

Cen, C. C., Cahyadi, W., Cahyadi, L., Candrasa, L., Sinurat, M., Ilham, R. N., & Saputra, J. (2021). Factors that affect competence and affective commitment and its implication on job performance: a case study of Stie Medan, Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 12, 4863–4870. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210842

Fuadi, Hasibuan, A. F. H., Ilham, R. N., Falahuddin, Wahyuddin, Khaddafi, M., Munandar, & Saputra, J. (2021). Investigating the effect of micro Waqf bank sector expansion on poverty alleviation: An evidence from Indonesia rural communities. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 4150–4158. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210745

Heikal, M., Ilham, R. N., Khaddafi, M., & Fuadi. (2022). Accelerate Economic Growth of Lhokseumawe City with Application of Supply Chain and Main Strategic Commodity Model Based on Sharia During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Quality - Access to Success, 23(191), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.191.16

Ilham, R. N., Erlina, Fachrudin, K. A., Silalahi, A. S., & Saputra, J. (2019). Comparative of the supply chain and block chains to increase the country revenues via virtual tax transactions and replacing future of money. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 1066–1069.

Ilham, R. N., Erlina, Fachrudin, K. A., Silalahi, A. S., Saputra, J., & Albra, W. (2019). Investigation of the bitcoin effects on the country revenues via virtual tax transactions for purchasing management. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(6), 737–740.

Mahdawi, Ratnawati, N., Saputra, J., Ilham, R. N., Siahaan, R., Jayanti, S. E., Sinurat, M., & Nainggolan, P. (2021). The effect of population growth on economic growth: An evidence from Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, July, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210843

Mahdawi, Triyono, Sinaga, S., Collyn, D., Zalukhu, R. S., Saputra, J., Ilham, R. N., & Harianto, S. (2021). Analyzing the banks’ performance through financial statements: An application of the modified du pont method. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 5593–5600. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210947

Sadalia, I., Fadli, Ilham, R. N., Sinurat, M., Saputra, J., & Putri, D. E. (2021). Does social media affect banking industry financial performance in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 3454–3459. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210620

Sadalia, I., Muharam, H., Mulyana, A., Saputra, J., & Ilham, R. N. (2020). A structural relationship of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation through supply chain management on competitive advantage of SMEs in North Sumatera, Indonesia: The mediating role of financing factor. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(4), 237–243.

Nur Ilham, R. ., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R., Multazam, M. ., & Saifanur, A. . (2021). RELATHIONSIP BETWEEN MONEY VELOCITY AND INFLATION TO INCREASING STOCK INVESTMENT RETURN: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC BY JAKARTA AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEM NEXT GENERATION (JATS-NG) PLATFORM. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i1.27

Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK IN ACEH. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191

Geovani, I. ., Nurkhotijah, S. ., Kurniawan, H. ., Milanie, F., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIMS OF THE ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE TO REALIZE LEGAL PROTECTION FROM HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS: RESEARCH STUDY AT THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN BATAM CITY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.10

Bustani, B., Khaddafi, M. ., & Nur Ilham, R. (2022). REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF REGENCY/CITY REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME IN ACEH PROVINCE PERIOD YEAR 2016-2020. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i3.277

Nur Ilham, R., Heikal, M. ., Khaddafi, M. ., F, F., Ichsan, I., F, F., Abbas, D. ., Fauzul Hakim Hasibuan, A. ., Munandar, M., & Chalirafi, C. (2021). Survey of Leading Commodities Of Aceh Province As Academic Effort To Join And Build The Country. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.19

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Falahuddin, F., Fuadi, . F., Munandar, M., Juanda, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2022). INCREASING BUSINESS SUPPORTING CAPACITY IN MSMES BUSINESS GROUP TEMPE BUNGONG NANGGROE KERUPUK IN SYAMTALIRA ARON DISTRICT, UTARA ACEH REGENCY. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.313

Majied Sumatrani Saragih, M. ., Hikmah Saragih, U. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO ICREASING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION FROM SPP AL-FALAH GROUP AT BLOK 10 VILLAGE DOLOK MASIHUL. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.11

Sandi, H. ., Afni Yunita, N. ., Heikal, M. ., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Sinta, I. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDGET PARTICIPATION, JOB CHARACTERISTICS, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK MOTIVATION AS MEDIATOR VARIABLES TO STRENGTHENING USER POWER PERFORMANCE: AN EMPERICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA GOVERNMENT. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.14

Sinurat, M. ., Heikal, M. ., Simanjuntak, A. ., Siahaan, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTEREST WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A VARIABLE INTERVENING IN BLACK ONLINE STORE HIGH CLICK MARKET: Case Study on Customers of the Tebing Tinggi Black Market Online Store. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.12

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019). Investigation of the Bitcoin Effects on the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions for Purchasing Management. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.6 December 2019.

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019).. Comparative of the Supply Chain and Block Chains to Increase the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions and Replacing Future of Money. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.5 August 2019.

Lasta Irawan, A. ., Briggs, D. ., Muhammad Azami, T. ., & Nurfaliza, N. (2021). THE EFFECT OF POSITION PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION WITH COMPENSATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES: (Case Study on Harvesting Employees of PT. Karya Hevea Indonesia). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i1.2

Rahmaniar, R., Subhan, S., Saharuddin, S., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Anwar, K. . (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASPECTS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE CHIPS INDUSTRY IN MATANG GLUMPANG DUA AND PANTON PUMP. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(7), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i7.36

likdanawati, likdanawati, Yanita, Y., Hamdiah, H., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, WORK MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PT. ACEH DISTRIBUS INDO RAYA. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(8), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i8.41

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Rico Nur Ilham, Irada Sinta, & Mangasi Sinurat. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS ON CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTMENT RETURNS WITH THE 5 (FIVE) HIGHEST MARKET CAPITALIZATIONS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(02), 1022–1035. Retrieved from http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/481

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Wayan Mertha, I. ., & Mahfud, M. (2022). HISTORY LEARNING BASED ON WORDWALL APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING RESULTS CLASS X IPS IN MA AS’ADIYAH KETAPANG. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(5), 507–612. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i5.369

Mahfud, M., Yudiana, I. K., & Sariyanto, S. (2022). HISTORY OF BANYUWANGI KALIKLATAK PLANTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v3i1.492

Mahfud et all (2021). PEMANFAATAN TRADISI RESIK LAWON SUKU USING SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH LOKAL PADA SMA DI BANYUWANGI. Media Bina Ilmiah Vol.16 No.3 Oktober 2021. http://ejurnal.binawakya.or.id/index.php/MBI/article/view/1294/pdf

Sinta, I., Nur Ilham, R. ., Authar ND, M. ., M. Subhan, & Amru Usman. (2022). UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN MARKETING GAYO ARABICA COFFEE. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(3), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i3.467

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Mahfud et all (2020). Developing a Problem-Based Learning Model through E-Learning for Historical Subjects to Enhance Students Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Rogojampi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (2020) 012014 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012014

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022). Social Status of Women in Early Kashmir. Journal homepage: www. ijrpr. com ISSN, 2582(7421), 26-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). An Analytical Study of the Kushan Rule in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(04), 9-14.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). A Historical Study of Prostitution. Journal of Media, Culture and Communication (JMCC) ISSN: 2799-1245, 2(04), 1-6.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Women Exploitation in the Contemporary India: Importance of Media to Impede it. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(02), 27-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Dr. BR Ambedkar’s Views on Religion and Conversion to Buddhism: An Analytical Study. Journal of Legal Subjects (JLS) ISSN, 25-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Ghandian Phase: Mahila-Samitis and the Role of Women in the Indian National Movement. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(01), 26-29.

Bhat, R. M. (2021). Reign of Utpala Dyansty with Special Reference to Avantiverman (855-883 AD): His Irrigation Works and Agricultural Development-A Historical Study. International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production (IJAAP) ISSN 2799-0907, 1(02), 10-16.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). CULTURAL HERITAGE OF EARLY KASHMIR-A STUDY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(4), 571-576.

Bhat, R. M. (2019). Ghadar Movement: Har Dayal and His Ideological Formulations. Think India Journal, 22(14), 2353-2363.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Legacy of Buddhism in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(03), 23-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2018). Shawl Industry in Kashmir from 1846-1907 with Special Reference to the Dogra Rule. In Source: Proceedings of the South Indian History Congress (Vol. 38, pp. 554-557).

Bhat, R. M. (2023). DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR’S ADVOCACY OF WOMEN RIGHTS. MORFAI JOURNAL, 2(4), 730-736.

Bhat, R. M. (2023). THE GHADAR MOVEMENT: IGNITING THE FLAME OF FREEDOM IN INDIA. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(4), 1123-1131.

Bhat, R. M., Rajan, P., & Gamage, L. (2023). Redressing Historical Bias: Exploring the Path to an Accurate Representation of the Past. Journal of Social Science, 4(3), 698-705.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Queen Yasovati: A Descriptive Study on her Leadership in the Kingdom of Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(05), 11-17.

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022, December). DIASPORIC CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-A HISTORICAL STUDY. In International Conference on Health Science, Green Economics, Educational Review and Technology (Vol. 4, pp. 41-46).

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Historical Review of Indian Constitution. TRADITIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 1(02), 100-110.

Bhat, R. M., Silllalee, A., & Kandasamy, L. S. (2023). Concepts and Contexts: The Interplay of Philosophy and History in Understanding Human Society. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(6), 2581-2590.