THE MAIN THOUGHTS OF THE REFORMATION OF MARTIN LUTHER AND THE CHURCH MOVEMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (CRE)
Main Article Content
Udur Ernita Aritonang
Juaniva Sidharta
This study examines the main ideas of Martin Luther's Reformation, the development of the church movement, and its implications for Christian Religious Education (CRE). The Reformation, initiated by Luther in the 16th century, was not merely a reaction to the deviations of the Catholic Church, but a spiritual calling rooted in the experience of justification by faith (Romans 1:17). Luther opposed the church's abuse of indulgences and established key theological principles: Sola Scriptura, Sola Fide, Sola Gratia, Solus Christus, and Soli Deo Gloria. These principles gave rise to major changes in theology, church life, and faith education. The Lutheran movement expanded through the Augsburg Confession of 1530, which became the foundation of the teachings and identity of Protestant churches. The core of Luther's teaching, the doctrine of justification by faith, frees people from the fear of God's wrath and directs the focus of faith solely on Christ. This study uses qualitative methods with a library study, examining Luther's works and secondary literature. The results show that Luther's thoughts have had a significant impact on CHE, namely, faith education centered on Scripture, emphasizing a personal relationship with Christ, and a pedagogical vision that upholds access to education for all. The practical implication is that Christian Religious Education is called to develop a faith that is critical, reflective, and faithful to the Word, enabling students to become witnesses of Christ in society. The main ideas of Luther's Reformation remain relevant for renewing church life and Christian education today.
Hermanto, Jema Sinurat, Lendy Florien Mailuhuw, Nasokhili Giawa, Yuli Kristyowati, Jaya Nainggolan, Jeprianus, Mustakim, Urbanus, Harjuis Gediyun, Marlelo, dan Welikinsi. Pengantar Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Bandung: Penerbit Widina, 2023.
Armstrong, Alastair. The European Reformation, 1500–1610. Portsmouth: Heinemann Educational, 2002.
Boehlke, Robert Richard. Sejarah Perkembangan Pikiran dan Praktek Pendidikan Agama Kristen: Dari Yohanes Amos Comenius hingga Berkembangan PAK di Indonesia. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1997.
Bradley, James E. “Luther’s Contribution to Christian Education.” Christian Education Journal 7, no. 2 (1986): 7-18.
Brewer, Brian C. Calvin and the Early Reformation. Leiden: Brill, 2019.
Castleman, Robbie. Story-Shaped Worship: Following Patterns from the Bible and History. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2013.
Gerberding, G. H. The Way of Salvation in the Lutheran Church. Norwich: Outlook Verlag, 2020.
González, Justo L. The Story of Christianity, Volume 2: The Reformation to the Present Day. New York: HarperOne, 2010.
Irvin, Dale T. The Protestant Reformation and World Christianity: Global Perspectives. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2017.
Lamport, Mark A., ed. Encyclopedia of Martin Luther and the Reformation, Vol. 2. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2017.
Lane. Runtut Pijar: Sejarah Pemikiran Kristiani. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2015.
Luther, Martin. Luther & Scripture: Writings on Hermeneutics, Exegesis and Patristics. Baden-Württemberg: Livraria Press, 2024.
Maseko, Achim. Church Schism & Corruption. North Carolina: Lulu Publishers, 2008.
McGrath, Alister E. Luther’s Theology of the Cross: Martin Luther’s Theological Breakthrough. New Jersey: Wiley, 2011.
Mee, Charles L. White Robe, Black Robe: Pope Leo X, Martin Luther, and the Birth of the Reformation. Boston: New Word City Publishers, 2018.
Melloni, Alberto. Martin Luther: A Christian Between Reforms and Modernity (1517–2017). Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017.
Nickoloff, James B. An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2007.
Ocker, Christopher. Luther, Conflict, and Christendom: Reformation Europe and Christianity in the West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Ruckenbauer, Hans-Walter, dan Yvanka Raynova, eds. The Impact of the Reformation and the Future of Christianity. Vienna: Axia Academic Publishers, 2019.
