A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF FLEXIBLE POLICIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT WITH EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.20034535Published:
2026-03-30Downloads
Abstract
The transformation of modern work systems has positioned work flexibility as a strategic element in strengthening organizational commitment (OC). This study systematically examines the impact of work-life balance (WLB), remote work policies, and flexible scheduling on OC, with employee well-being as a mediating variable. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was employed, analyzing 77 scholarly articles published between 2019 and 2024. The literature was sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald, and ScienceDirect databases. Findings indicate that all three dimensions of work flexibility significantly and positively contribute to OC, both directly and through improvements in employee well-being. WLB demonstrably enhances affective commitment; remote work policies promote engagement and technology-driven loyalty; and flexible scheduling supports greater work engagement while reducing work-family conflict. Employee well-being is proven to be a primary mediator in the relationship between work flexibility and OC. This study also identifies conceptual, methodological, and contextual gaps in previous literature and recommends the development of an integrative theoretical model utilizing a multi-path mediation approach. The resulting theoretical and practical implications provide a foundation for the formulation of HR policies focused on well-being and sustainable employment. This review makes a significant contribution to enriching the literature and guiding the theoretical development of HRM in the context of flexible work.
Keywords:
Work-life balance Remote work policy Flexible scheduling Employee well-being Organizational commitment.References
Abbas, J., et al. (2023). Organizational commitment and behavior: The role of policy effectiveness. Journal of Cleaner Production, 412, 137455. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652623010053
Abdul-Majid, M., Al-Matari, E., & Hashim, H. (2024). Technology adoption and employee well-being: A systematic bibliometric analysis. Heliyon, 10(1), e00347. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(24)00347-5.pdf
Adamik, A., & Sikora-Fernandez, D. (2021). Smart organizations in the smart city era: The triple helix model in practice. Energies, 14(6), 1572. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1572
Alfawaz, H. A., Wani, K., & Alahmadi, A. (2021). Psychological well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: Impact on employee performance. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 56, 102569. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101836472030375X
Alfawaz, H. A., Wani, K., & Alahmadi, A. (2021). Psychological well-being and employee performance during lockdown. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 56, 102569. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101836472030375X
Almeida, F., Santos, M. M., & Monteiro, J. A. (2024). “No need to dress to impress”: A systematic review of teleworking after the pandemic. Administrative Sciences, 14(4), 76. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/14/4/76
Atiya, N., Rahmatullah, M., & Fahmi, A. (2024). Islamic work ethic, employee well-being, and organizational commitment: A critical literature review. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Digital, 6(1), 23–34. https://journal.nurscienceinstitute.id/index.php/jmdb/article/download/914/367
Attia, S., Wanas, O., Helal, M., & Khalil, A. (2020). Survey development for assessing employee well-being in office buildings. Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems. https://documentserver.uhasselt.be/bitstream/1942/29546/2/manuscript%20v17_clean.pdf
Ay, A. (2025). Motivation and remote work dynamics in modern organizations. Human Systems Management. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-240020
Ayodele, O. A., & Chang-Richards, A. (2020). Factors Affecting Workforce Turnover in the Construction Sector: A Systematic Review. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(6), 04020062. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001725
Ballerini, J., et al. (2023). How commitment and platform adoption drive e-commerce performance: A mixed-method inquiry. Information & Management, 60(6), 103720. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268401223000300
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Benítez-Márquez, M. D., et al. (2023). Emotional intelligence and organizational behavior in remote work. Heliyon, 9(12), e17564. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(23)07564-3.pdf
Boell, S. K., & Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (2015). On being ‘systematic’ in literature reviews. Formulating Research Methods for Information Systems, 48(5), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.08.002
Carranza, G., et al. (2020). Workplace innovation for inclusive growth via remote work. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(3), 212–219. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198220301044
Cavagnis, L., Santangelo, O. E., Provenzano, S., & Firenze, A. (2023). Promoting women's well-being: A systematic review of protective factors for work–family conflict. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(21), 6992. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/21/6992
Cerdá-Suárez, L. M., Rodríguez-Ferrer, J. M., & Pedraza-Ramirez, J. R. (2023). Technostress at work during COVID-19: Implications for remote work and organizational commitment. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1173425. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1173425
de las Heras-Pedrosa, C., Rando-Cueto, D., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., & Paniagua-Rojano, F. J. (2024). Trends in research on women's entrepreneurship and organizational well-being. Journal of Management Development, 43(1), 56–72. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JMD-04-2023-0127/full/pdf
De Ruiter, M., & Peters, P. (2022). Flexible work initiatives, employee workplace well-being, and organizational performance: A review of intervention studies. In J. Burke & C. Cooper (Eds.), Flexible Work Practices and Employee Well-being (pp. 523–543). Springer. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-29010-8_30.pdf
Dixit, V., & Singh, R. (2020). Drivers of employee engagement under remote working conditions. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3739657
Duong, C. H., & Ho, Y. H. (2024). Perceived organizational support, work-life balance, and employee retention. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e19736
Dutta, D., Vedak, C., & Kannan Poyil, A. (2024). “I am the captain of my soul!” Choosing where to work: Impact on general well-being and organizational commitment. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, Advance Online Publication. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/joepp-02-2023-0055/full/html
Felsberger, A., & Reiner, G. (2020). Sustainable Industry 4.0 in Production and Operations Management: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 12(19), 7982. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197982
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and organizational commitment: A conceptual model. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 619–638. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984305000779
García-Tadeo, A., et al. (2022). Internet of Things, remote work, and performance. Technology in Society, 68, 101934. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221478532107423X
Gough, D., Oliver, S., & Thomas, J. (2017). An Introduction to Systematic Reviews (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/an-introduction-to-systematic-reviews/book245095
Gribben, L., & Semple, C. J. (2021). Burnout and work-life balance among nurses and its impact on commitment. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/90811327/EJON_Paper_Burnout_WLB_FINAL.pdf
Ibrahim, N. F., Salleh, N. M., & Ahmad, N. S. (2023). PERMA well-being and innovative work behaviour: A systematic review. F1000Research, 12, 155093. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10751881/pdf/f1000research-12-155093.pdf
Juiz, C., & Bermejo, B. (2023). Collaborative remote organizations and digital transformation. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 39, 100846. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221053792300046X
Kişi, N. (2023). Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Global Research on Employee Engagement. Sustainability, 15(13), 10196. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310196
Koç, C. (2023). The relationships between work-life balance, job-related affective well-being, and family-friendly policies at the time of Covid-19 (Doctoral dissertation, Istanbul University). https://search.proquest.com/openview/ba2396381bf2c57055afdd1e10bc11ec/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=yAbdul-Majid, R., Hassan, R., & Rahman, A. (2024). Digital well-being and organizational commitment: A conceptual perspective. [URL/DOI to be added manually]
Kossek, E. E., & Perrigino, M. B. (2023). Work-life flexibility policies from a boundary control and implementation perspective: A review and research framework. Journal of Management, Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221140354
Lahmar, H., Chaouki, F., & Rodhain, F. (2023). Spiritual leadership and organizational commitment: A 21-year systematic review. Journal of Human Values. https://hal.science/hal-04087961v1/file/Journal%20of%20Human%20Values%202023.pdf
Lee, D. W., et al. (2021). Positive and negative spillover in work-life balance and organizational commitment. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(4), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2021.04.003
Loghmani, M., Sotiriadou, P., & Doyle, J. (2024). Unlocking the power of job design in sports: Work-life balance and organizational commitment. Sport, Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2023.2261659
Loh, C. W., & Cheng, M. L. (2024). The role of flexible work arrangements in enhancing employee well-being and productivity: A study on SDG 8 implementation in tech companies. Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies. http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2060/
Mahdy, F., Abou-Shouk, M. A., & Elshaer, I. A. (2023). Imperatives, Benefits, and Initiatives of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM): A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 15(6), 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064866
Manna, A., Pahari, S., Biswas, D., Banerjee, D., & Das, D. (2023). Work–life balance and employee commitment in the new normal: Evidence from Indian railway using mixed-method approach. Kybernetes, Advance Online Publication. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/K-06-2023-1002/full/html
Martín-del-Río, B., León-Pérez, J. M., & Sánchez, J. M. (2021). A positive organizational psychology perspective: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5222. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/10/5222
Maulia, I. R., Nurcahyo, R., & Lestari, D. (2024). Change readiness in Indonesian banking sector: Mediating role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Innovation Review and Technological Management, 2(1), 45–56. https://journal.proletargroup.org/index.php/IJIRETM/article/download/156/105
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Mgammal, M. H., & Al-Matari, E. M. (2022). How Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Thought Concern Affects Employees’ Work Performance. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2064707. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2064707
Mharchelya, M., & Afdal, A. (2024). The Employee’s Work-Life Balance on Career and Life Satisfaction: A Systematic Literature Review. Al-Ittizaan: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam, 7(1), 45–52. https://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/alittizaan/article/download/31634/11050
Milikić, B. B., Mirić, A. A., & Janićijević, N. (2023). Working from home, work-related attitudes, work-life balance and employee well-being—Implications for HRM in the post-COVID era. Management: Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, 28(2). https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1175724Mohammadi, Z. et al. (2023). Equality, Diversity, Inclusion and WLB. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-02-2022-0046
Mohammadi, Z., Bhati, A., & Ng, E. (2023). Equality, diversity, inclusion and work-life balance: Impact on organizational commitment. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-02-2022-0046
Mostafa, B. A. (2022). Employer attractiveness and work-life balance in the pandemic era. Heliyon, 8(11), e11152. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(22)00987-2.pdf
Nagy, Z., et al. (2023). Occupant-centric control and remote work implications. Building and Environment, 242, 110545. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132323005450
Oleniuch, I. (2024). The evolution of employee well-being interest in management sciences: Bibliometric and scientometric analyses. The European Research Studies Journal, 27(1), 458–471. https://ersj.eu/journal/3812/download/The+Evolution+of+Employee+Well-Being+Interest+in+Management+Sciences+Bibliometric+and+Scientometric+Analyses.pdf
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pérez-Pérez, M. et al. (2025). ACT for well-being at worksites: Enhancing WLB and OC. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251320192
Pérez-Pérez, M., Sánchez-Vázquez, I., & Rodríguez, M. (2025). Acceptance and commitment therapy at work: Enhancing work-life balance and organizational commitment. SAGE Open, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251320192
Pratama, S., Andika, A. R. S., & Eliyana, A. (2023). Organizational Behavior Studies – The Role of WLB & OC. https://www.academia.edu/download/113154287/document.pdf
Rangavajhyala, S. (2023). Remote work and labor policy impact on performance. ProQuest Open Dissertations. https://search.proquest.com/openview/97cb290b72e701d4ae42c61901c18cde/1?pq-origsite=gscholar
Rath, A., & Jena, L. K. (2025). Effective knowledge management targeting employee well-being and organizational commitment. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lalatendu-Jena/publication/383976350
Salvadorinho, J., & Teixeira, L. (2021). Relationship Between Industry 4.0 and Lean Management: A Bibliometric Analysis. Publications, 9(3), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9030029
Sarangi, A. K., & Kaushal, A. (2023). Examining the Employee Engagement Intervention and Impact on Employees' Engagement, Productivity and Retention. TEC Empresarial, 17(2), 30–42. https://revistastecac.cr/index.php/TEC/article/download/373/372
Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to do a systematic review: A best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803
Simanullang, Y., & Khuzaini, K. (2024). Systematic review analysis (SRA): Society 5.0 and its impact on employee work-life balance (WLB). PIUOK, 13(1). https://ojs.uniska-bjm.ac.id/index.php/PIUOK/article/view/15794
Suwardi, N., Fitriany, F., & Aditama, J. (2023). Organizational support, work involvement, and organizational commitment. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT). https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2023/126495/126495.pdf
Tang, G., Abu Bakar, R., & Omar, S. (2024). Positive psychology and employee adaptive performance: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1417260/pdf
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence‐informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
Uniyal, A. K., Goswami, S., & Sharma, P. (2022). Well-being in the Indian insurance sector and its effect on OC. IJARET, 11(4), 500–510. https://www.academia.edu/download/90717534/IJARET_11_04_047.pdf
Vohra, V., Singh, S., & Dutta, T. (2024). Embracing flexibility post-COVID-19: A systematic review of flexible working arrangements using the SCM-TBFO framework. Asia Pacific Journal of Business Administration. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40171-023-00366-9
Yadav, P., & Bagri, K. (2025). Flexible work culture: Prospects and trends through a bibliometric and systematic review. International Research Journal of Management Studies, Advance Online Publication. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/irjms-10-2024-0126/full/html
Zakaria, N., Abdullah, N. A. C., & Zahoor, N. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of quality of work-life: Current status, development, and future research directions. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382645875
Zonneveld, N., et al. (2024). Clinical supervision and remote work systems. Journal of Advanced Nursing. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jan.16126
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Victorio Chipta Gregory Manus, Budi Eko Soetjipto, Ludi Wisnu Wardhana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
