THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORK ENGAGEMENT , WITH PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AS A MODERATING VARIABLE (A Case Study of Employees at PT. Saranajaya Serbaguna Malang)
Published:
2026-06-15Downloads
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of employee well-being and work-life balance on employee performance through work engagement , and examine the role of perceived organizational support as a moderating variable in the relationship between work engagement and employee performance . This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive and explanatory research design . The study population was 260 production employees of PT. Saranajaya Serbaguna Malang, with a sample of 156 respondents selected using proportionate stratified random sampling . Data were collected through a closed questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0.9.9. The results showed that employee well-being and work-life balance had a positive and significant effect on employee performance and work engagement . Furthermore, work engagement was proven to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance . Mediation findings showed that work engagement partially mediated the influence of employee well-being and work-life balance on employee performance . In addition, perceived organizational support was proven to strengthen the relationship between work engagement and employee performance . Theoretically, this study extends the application of Social Exchange Theory to the context of the automotive component manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Practically, the results emphasize the importance of human resource management strategies focused on well-being, work-life balance, work engagement, and organizational support to improve production employee performance.
Keywords:
employee well-being work-life balance work engagement perceived organizational support employee performance manufacturing.References
Abdullah, M.I., Huang, D., Sarfraz, M., Ivascu, L., & Riaz, A. (2020). Effects of internal service quality on nurses' job satisfaction, commitment and performance: Mediating role of employees. Nursing Open, 8(2), 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.665
Al-kassem, AH, Momani, HR, Assad, NF, Alzghoul, AM, & Bayoumy, MSA (2025). Work-life balance and its impact on employee performance: HR strategies for success. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(5), 646–657. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i5.8807
Baharsyah, AR, & Nugrohoseno, D. (2021). The influence of employee engagement on job performance through creativity as a mediating variable. Journal of Management Science, 9(3), 1279–1292.
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge.
Campo, AMDV, Avolio, B., & Carlier, S.I. (2021). The relationship between telework, job performance, work–life balance, and family-supportive supervisor behavior in the context of COVID-19. Global Business Review, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509211049918
Chang, R. (2024). The impact of employees' health and well-being on job performance. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 29, 372–378.
Conceoç, A., & Palma-moreira, A. (2025). The relationship between occupational stress, burnout, and perceived performance: The moderating role of work regime. Administrative Sciences, 15(1– 27). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15100377 Copyright:
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Duanguppama, S., Jadesadalug, V., & Ponchaitiwat, K. (2025). Influence of employee well-being and work flexibility on innovative work behavior and job performance: A comparative study of full-time and gig workers in digital business. Tourism and Hospitality, 6(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6040166
Erwina, Nurjannah, Nurimansjah, RA, & Amri. (2024). The role of work-life balance and human resource development on employee performance. STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo Development Economics Journal, 10(1), 226–238.
Faustine, D., & Zamralita. (2024). Work engagement as a mediator of the role of workplace well-being on employee performance. Psyche 165 Journal, 17(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i1.310
Fukuzaki, T., Iwata, N., Ooba, S., Takeda, S., & Inoue, M. (2021). The effect of nurses' work–life balance on work engagement: the adjustment effect of affective commitment. Yonago Acta Medica, 64(3), 269–281. https://doi.org/10.33160/yam.2021.08.005
Ghanad, A. (2023). An overview of quantitative research methods. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 6(8), 3794–3803. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i8-52
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 4, 161–178.
Gragnano, A., Simbula, S., & Miglioretti, M. (2020). Work-life balance: Weighing the importance of work-family and work-health balance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030907
Hair, JF, Black, WC, Babin, BJ, & Anderson, RE (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th Edition Pearson new international edition). Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., & Ringle, C.M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hayman, J. (2005). Psychometric assessment of an instrument designed to measure work-life balance. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 13(1), 85–91.
ILO. (2025). World employment and social outlook.
Jamal, M.T., Anwar, I., Khan, N.A., & Saleem, I. (2021). Work during COVID-19: assessing the influence of job demands and resources on practical and psychological outcomes for employees. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 13(3), 293–319. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-05-2020-0149
Janitra, ANS, Emilisa, N., & Aldebaran, GJ (2024). The influence of spiritual leadership and employee resilience on employee performance mediated by work engagement at a state-owned bank in East Jakarta. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(7), 2486–2501.
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975
Jusop, MHM, & Osman, Z. (2025). Reviewing employee performance frameworks: insights and directions for Malaysia's Automotive Component Manufacturing Sector. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 15(8), 1758–1766. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i8/26312
Katili, PB, Wibowo, W., & Akbar, M. (2021). The effects of leadership styles, work-life balance and employee engagement on employee performance. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems319
Koopmans, L., Coffeng, JK, Bernaards, CM, Boot, CRL, Hildebrandt, VH, Vet, HCW De, & Beek, AJ Van Der. (2014). Responsiveness of the individual work performance questionnaire. BMC Public Health, 1–11.
Koroglu, S., & Ozmen, O. (2021). The mediating effect of work engagement on innovative work behavior and the role of psychological well-being in the job demands – resources (JD-R) model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(1), 124–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-09-2020-0326
Kundi, Y.M., Université, A., & Aboramadan, M. (2021). Employee psychological well-being and job performance: exploring mediating and moderating mechanisms. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(3), 736–754. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2020-2204
Kurnia, C., & Widigdo, AMN (2021). Effect of work-life balance, job demand, and job insecurity on employee performance at PT Jaya Lautan Global with employee well-being as a mediating variable. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(5), 147–152. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.5.948 Christina
Leva, M.C., Demichela, M., Morillo, C.A., Modaffari, F., & Comberti, L. (2023). Optimizing human performance to enhance safety: A case study in an automotive plant. Sustainability, 15(14), 1–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411097
Marseno, WA, & Muafi. (2021). The effects of work-life balance and emotional intelligence on organizational commitment mediated by work engagement. International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy, 3(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v3i2.257
Mulang, H. (2022). Analysis of the effect of organizational justice and work-life balance on employee engagement and turnover intention. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(2) , 86–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i2.169
Nelson, A., & Angellius, V. (2023). Analysis of the influence of work-life balance, leadership, religiosity and high-performance work practices on employee performance mediated by employee engagement. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 13(1), 248–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1242
Opoku, F. K., & Boateng, R. K. (2024). Employee engagement, perceived organizational support, and job performance of medical staff at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. PLOS ONE, 19(12) , 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315451
Pathak, D., & Joshi, G. (2025). Does the organization – employee relationship matter? Linking the organization – employee relationship with employee well-being and performance. Economic and Business Review, October 2024, 102–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15458/2335-4216.1354
Pradita, NY, & Sugiarto, A. (2025). The influence of work-life balance and employee engagement on employee performance, mediated by job satisfaction, is entering the new normal era in the educational workplace. Maximpreneur Journal: Management, Cooperatives, and Entrepreneurship, 14(2) , 788–812. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v14i2.1822
Pratiwi, EA, & Davina, SG (2023). The impact of workplace wellbeing on job performance with work engagement as a mediating variable. Journal of World Science, 2(8), 1130–1136. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i8.388
Purwaningtyas, E., & Septyarini, E. (2021). The effect of work stress and perceived organizational support on employee productivity mediated by self-efficacy (a study of My Creative.Id Yogyakarta employees). J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Sains), 6(1), 226. https://doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v6i1.248
Puspitasari, AS, & Darwin, M. (2021). Effect of work-life balance and welfare level on millennial employee performance through work engagement. International Journal of Science and Society, 3(1), 334–344.
Rabuana, NKD, & Yanuar. (2023). The influence of work environment and work engagement on employee performance mediated by employee well-being. Munaddhomah: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 4(3), 541–557. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v4i3.523
Rasool, S.F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., & Iqbal, J. (2021). How toxic workplace environment effects employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Articles, 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052294
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
Rich, B.L., Lepine, J.A., & Crawford, E.R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617–635.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Handbook of Market Research (Issue July). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8
Siswanti, DN, Daud, M., Nugraha, DY, Zhalifunnas, MS, & Nugraha, DR (2024). The Effect of workplace well-being on task performance in employees: The mediating role of work engagement. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP), 10(2), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.90500
Sopian, K., Hidayati, T., & Kusumawardani, A. (2022). Effect of work-life balance on employee engagement in increasing employee performance. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 6(3), 156–162.
Susanto, P., Hoque, ME, Jannat, T., Emely, B., Zona, MA, & Islam, MA (2022). Work-life balance, job satisfaction, and job performance of SMEs employees: The moderating role of family-supportive supervisor behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(June), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906876
Syarif, NT, & Hasan, D. (2025). The Influence of work-life balance and job satisfaction on employee performance at the Administrative Division of the Data and Information Center, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek). International Journal of Science and Society, 7(2), 54–66 . https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v7i2.1414
Triany, CC, Sutrisno, & Darmaputra, MF (2023). The influence of human resource quality and employee welfare on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(5), 8104–8116 . https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative%0APengaruh
Wandra, A., & Heliyani. (2025). The Impact of psychological wellbeing and organizational climate on employee performance through job satisfaction. Journal of Educational Management Research, 04(03), 879–891. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v4i3.1030
Wulandari, GA, Susita, D., & Effendi, MS (2025). The impact of work engagement on job performance: Exploring the mediating role of innovative work behavior in the public sector. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 23(1), 5005–5017. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2025-23.1.00399
Yongxing, G., Hongfei, D., Baoguo, X., & Lei, M. (2017). Work engagement and job performance: The moderating role of perceived organizational support. Anales de Psicologia, 33(3), 708–713. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.238571
Zheng, X., Zhu, W., Zhao, H., & Zhang, CHI (2015). Erratum: Employee well-being in organizations: Theoretical model, scale development, and cross-cultural validation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 647(May), 645–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/job
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Salsabila Citra Devi, Budi Eko Soetjipto, Madziatul Churiyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
