Vol. 5 No. 9 (2026): AUGUST
Open Access
Peer Reviewed

THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Authors

Moch. Riski , Andi Indriani Ibrahim , Fatlina Zainuddin , Ponirin

Published:

2026-08-10

Downloads

Abstract

This article comprehensively examines the role of employee engagement (EE) in improving employee performance through a systematic literature review approach . The study focuses on three dimensions of employee engagement : vigor, dedication, and absorption, and their impact on individual and organizational performance. In addition to presenting a synthesis of empirical findings, this article specifically explains the statistical formulas underlying each cited research figure, including the Pearson correlation coefficient, the path coefficient in Structural Equation Modeling, the effect size formula in meta-analysis, significance tests (t-test and p-value), and the coefficient of determination (R²). The study results indicate that employee engagement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Understanding the formulas behind these figures is important so that the study results can be read critically, replicated, and used as a basis for appropriate managerial decision-making.

Keywords:

Employee Engagement Employee Performance Vigor Dedication Absorption Correlation Coefficient Path Coefficient Meta-Analysis

References

Al-Hawari, M. A., Bani-Melhem, S., & Quratulain, S. (2022). Employee organizational embeddedness as a mediator of the impact of employee engagement on job performance. Journal of Business Research, 143, 1–12.

Armstrong, M. (2021). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice (16th ed.). Kogan Page.

Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers.

Bakker, A. B. (2022). Work engagement: Current trends. Current Opinion in Psychology, 46, 101350.

Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2022). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.

Biswas, S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2023). The mediating role of psychological empowerment between employee engagement and job performance in the IT sector. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(7), 1423–1450.

Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2021). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 74(1), 89–136.

Dessler, G. (2020). Human resource management (16th ed.). Pearson Education.

Edmondson, A. C. (2019). The fearless organization: Creating psychological safety in the workplace for learning, innovation, and growth. Wiley.

Gallup, Inc. (2023). State of the global workplace: 2023 report. Gallup Press.

Handa, M., & Gulati, A. (2022). Employee engagement, high-performance work systems and employee commitment: A systematic review and research agenda. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(4), 1–25.

Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2016). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (Edisi Revisi). PT Bumi Aksara.

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.

Luthans, F., & Peterson, S. J. (2022). Employee engagement and manager self-efficacy: Implications for managerial effectiveness and development. Journal of Management Development, 41(5), 280–301.

Mangkunegara, A. A. P. (2017). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan (Cetakan ke-14). PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., & Meglich, P. A. (2017). Human resource management (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Pattnaik, S. C., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2021). Employee engagement, competence and intention to quit: A cross-sectional investigation. Management Research Review, 44(1), 66–85.

Putra, I. G. N. A., & Wardana, I. M. (2024). Pengaruh employee engagement terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui mediasi organizational citizenship behavior pada ASN pemerintahan Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 26(1), 45–62.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson Education.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.

Saks, A. M. (2022). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement revisited. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 9(1), 7–27.

Schaufeli, W. B. (2022). Work engagement: What do we know and where do we go? In A. B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 1–28). Psychology Press.

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315.

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2021). The conceptualization and measurement of work engagement: A review. In A. B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: Essential theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 11–36). Psychology Press.

Sedarmayanti. (2017). Manajemen sumber daya manusia: Reformasi birokrasi dan manajemen pegawai negeri sipil (Cetakan ke-8). PT Refika Aditama.

Shantz, A., Alfes, K., & Truss, C. (2022). Alienation from work: Marxist ideologies and twenty-first-century practice. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(3), 1–30.

Siagian, S. P. (2015). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (Cetakan ke-23). PT Bumi Aksara.

Simamora, H. (2015). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (Edisi III, Cetakan ke-3). STIE YKPN.

Wang, Z., Liu, Y., & Liu, S. (2021). Authoritarian leadership and task performance: The effects of leader-member exchange and dependence on leader. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 704851.

Warrick, D. D. (2022). Commentary: Revisiting the foundations of employee engagement, organization culture, and leadership. Organization Development Journal, 40(1), 21–35.

Wirawan. (2015). Manajemen sumber daya manusia Indonesia: Teori, psikologi, hukum ketenagakerjaan, aplikasi dan penelitian. PT RajaGrafindo Persada.

Yalabik, Z. Y., van Rossenberg, Y., Kinnie, N., & Swart, J. (2022). Engaged and committed? The relationship between work engagement and organizational commitment in professional service firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(16), 3112–3140.

Author Biographies

Moch. Riski, Universitas Tadulako

Author Origin : Indonesia

Andi Indriani Ibrahim, Universitas Tadulako

Author Origin : Indonesia

Fatlina Zainuddin, Universitas Tadulako

Author Origin : Indonesia

Ponirin, Universitas Tadulako

Author Origin : Indonesia

How to Cite

Moch. Riski, Andi Indriani Ibrahim, Fatlina Zainuddin, & Ponirin. (2026). THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET), 5(9), 5752–5759. Retrieved from https://ijset.org/index.php/ijset/article/view/2197

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.