THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH LEADERSHIP AS A MODERATOR  AT THE NORTH SUMATRA  PROVINCE BKKBN REPRESENTATIVE

Eka Yulinda Prasetyowati; Isfenti Sadalia; Nazaruddin

doi:10.54443/ijset.v3i6.458

THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH LEADERSHIP AS A MODERATOR AT THE NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE BKKBN REPRESENTATIVE

Eka Yulinda Prasetyowati

Isfenti Sadalia

Nazaruddin

In facing very rapid changes in the strategic environment, the Indonesian Government needs dynamic, agile and adaptive governance management. To make this happen, a streamlined bureaucracy is needed so that strategic decisions can be made quickly and according to needs. So it is necessary to simplify the bureaucracy (delayering) which touches the root of the problem and changes the ASN mindset to encourage innovation. The simplification of bureaucracy has resulted in major changes to the ASN work system mechanism. These changes include: organizational structure, authority relationships, coordination mechanisms, job descriptions, span of control, employee work patterns. These changes have an impact on employee performance and organizational performance. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that influence Employee Readiness for Change at the North Sumatra Province BKKBN Representative. Data analysis in this research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS). This research measures the influence of Organizational Commitment, Employee Engagement, and Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Readiness for Change. The research results show that Organizational Commitment and Perceived Organizational Support have a significant effect on Readiness for Change. Meanwhile, Employee Engagement did not show a significant influence on Readiness for Change among North Sumatra Province BKKBN Representative employees. The R-Square value of the Readiness for Change (Y) variable is 0.894, which means that the variables Organizational Commitment (X1), Employee Engagement (X2) and Perceived Organizational Support (X3) are able to influence 89.4%, while the remaining 10.6% influenced by other variables not examined in this research.

Keywords: Organizational Commitment, Employee Engagement, Perception of Organizational Support, Employee Readiness to Change

Adlina, F., Wiroko, D., dan Hayuwardhani, T. (2018). Modal Psikologis dan Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Kesiapan Individu untuk Berubah pada Pegawai PPPKP-KKP. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi. 5(2), 211-220.

Andrew, A. (2017). Relationship between Employee Readiness for Organizational Change and Employee Performance. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, 3(1)

Aini, H., Umaroh, S. K., & Sari, M. T. (2020). Pengaruh Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Pada Karyawan PT. Anugerah Bara Kaltim Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. MOTIVASI, 7(1), 83-93.

Anik, S. and Arifuddin (2003) ‘Analisis Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi dan Keterlibatan Kerja terhadap Hubungan antara Etika Kerja Islam dengan Sikap Perubahan Organisasi’, Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, 7(2), pp. 159–182

Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. (1993). Creating readiness for organizational change. Human Relations, 46, 681–703

Asbari, M., Novitasari, D., Silitonga, N., & Sutardi, D. (2020). Analisis Readiness For Change Terhadap Kinerja: Perspektif Karyawan Kontrak Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. JEMASI: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 16(2), 1-16.

Asbari, M., Novitasari, D., & Pebrina, E T. (2021). Pengaruh Mediasi Mental Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Dan Work-Family Conflict Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Mega Aktiva: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen. 10(1), 24-38

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., De Boer, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2003). Job demands and job resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency. Journal of vocational behavior, 62(2), 341-356.

Banjongprasert, J. (2017). An Assessment of Change-Readiness Capabilities and Service Innovation Readiness and Innovation Performance : Empirical Evidence from MICE Venues. IJEM International Journal of Economics and Management, 11, 1–17.

Bentein, K., Vandenberg, R., Vandenberghe, C., & Stinglhamber, F. 2005. The Role of Change in the Relationship Between Commitment and Turnover: A Latent Growth Modelling Approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 468-482

Chandra, Cintya. (2017). Analisis Dampak Perceived Organizational Support terhadap Tingkat Turnover Intention. Jibeka Volume 11 Nomor 1 Februari 2017 : 51 - 55

Coryanata, I. (2014) ‘Pelimpahan Wewenang dan Komitmen organisasi Dalam Hubungan Antara Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran dan Kinerja Managerial’, Makalah Simposium Nasional Akuntansi (SNA) VII

Crabtree, S. (2005). Engagement keeps the doctor away. Gallup Management Journal, 13, 1–4.

Cunningham, C. E., Woodward, C. A., Shannon, H. S., MacIntosh, J., Lendrum, B., Rosenbloom, D., & Brown, J. (2002). Readiness for organizational change: A longitudinal study of workplace, psychological and behavioural correlates. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(4), 377–392

Cummings, S., Bridgman, T., & Brown, K. G. (2016). Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewin’s legacy for change management. Human Relations, 69(1), 33–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715577707

Devenport, T H. (1995). Process Innovation. Ernst & Young.

Dessler, G. (2020). Human resource management, 16th Edition. New York: Pearson Education, Inc

Desplaces, D. (2005). A multilevel approach to individual readiness to change Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7(1), 25-39. doi:10.21818/001c.14568

Desvina, A dan Siregar, O. (2022). Apakah Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi dan Komitmen Afektif Berperan Dalam Kesiapan Karyawan Untuk Berubah?. Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi. 6(3).

Dharmawan, D. C., & Nurtjahjanti, H. (2017). Hubungan Antara Perceived Organizational Support Dan Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Pada Karyawan PT. KAI Commuter Jabodetabek. Jurnal Psikologi. Volume 6(1), 115-119

Dicke, C., Holwerda, J., & Kontakos, A. M. (2007). Employee engagement: What do we really know? What do we need to know to take action. Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies, 1-85.

Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.71.3.500

Echols, M. E. (2005). Engaging employees to impact performance. Chief Learning Officer, 12, 44–48.

Ferdinand, A. (2012). Metode Penelitian Manajemen, Badan. Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.

Fitriyah, A dan Laksmiwati, H. (2022). Hubungan Antara Iklim Organisasi Dengan Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Pada Karyawan PT. X. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. 9(7), 49-60

Fradipta, D., & Mulyana, O. P. (2020). Hubungan Antara Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi dengan Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Pada Guru. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 8(2).

George, J. M., Reed, T. F., Ballard, K. A., Colin, J., & Fielding, J. (1993). Contact With AIDS Patients as a Source of Work-Related Distress: Effects of Organizational and Social Support. Academy of Management Journal, 36(1), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.5465/256516

Ghozali, I. (2013). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 21 Update PLS Regresi. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Gorap, S. I. (2022). Analisis Determinan Kesiapan Berubah di Era Pandemi Covid 19 (Study Kasus pada PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 4 Makassar. Bata Ilyas Educational Management Review, 2(2).

Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16, 399–432.

Grundy, Tony. (1998). Strategy implementation and project management. International Journal of Project Management, 16(1), 43-50.

Guay, R. P., Choi, D., Oh, I. S., Mitchell, M. S., Mount, M. K., & Shin, K. H. (2016). Why people harm the organization and its members: Relationships among personality, organizational commitment, and workplace deviance. Human Performance, 29(1), 1- 15.

Gubman, E. (2004). From engagement to passion for work. The search for the missing person. HR Planning, 13, 42–46.

Hair et. al,. (2012). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hanpachern C. (1997). The extension of the theory of margin: A framework for assessing readiness for change. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University.

Hanpachern, C., Morgan, G. A., & Griego, O. V. (1998). An extension of the theory of margin: A framework for assessing readiness for change. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 9(4), 339-350.

Heinze, K. L., & Heinze, J. E. (2020). Individual innovation adoption and the role of organizational culture. Review of Managerial Science, 14(3), 561–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846- 018-0300-5

Herscovitch, & Meyer. (2002). Commitment to Organizational Change: Extension of a three component model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (3), 474-487

Holt, D.T., Armenakis, A.A., Field, H.S., &Harris, S.G. (2007). Readiness for Organizational Change: The Systematic Development of A Scale.

Journal of Applied Behavioral Science.43(2) : 232-255

Hutchison, P., & Abrams, D. (2003). Ingroup identification moderates stereotype change in reaction to ingroup deviance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33(4), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.157

Isniar, B. (2018). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Berbasis Global.

Yogyakarta. Pustaka Fahima

Jones, R. A., Jimmieson, N. L., & Griffiths, A. (2005). The impact of organizational culture and reshaping capabilities on change implementation success: The mediating role of readiness for change. Journal of Management Studies, 42(2), 361-386

Katsaros, K. K., Tsirikas, A. N., & Kosta, G. C. (2020). The impact of leadership on firm financial performance: the mediating role of employees’ readiness to change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(3), 333–347

Khotijah, S., Nugroho, S., dan Darmawati, D. (2022). Peran Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Kompetensi, Kesiapan Berubah dalam Mencapai Kinerja pada masa Pandemi. e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi. 9(2), 71-79

Kinicki, A., & Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational behavior: Key concepts, skills and best practices. McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Kirrane, M., Lennon, M., O’connor, C. & Fu, N. (2016). Linking Perceived Management Support With Employee’s Readiness for Change: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital. Journal of Change Management, 17(1), 1-20.doi: 10.10130/14697017.2016.1214615.

Kose, M. A. (2016). Comments on “Pareto weights as wedges in two-country models” by D. Backus, C. Coleman, A. Ferriere and S. Lyon. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 72, 111–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2016.05.001

Kotter, J. P. (2007). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review

Kotter, J. P. (2008). A sense of urgency. Boston: Harvard Business Press

Kustini., Izaak, W C., & Rini P H. (2020). Pengaruh Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Dan Proactive Behavior Terhadap Kinerja. Bisma: Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen. 14(3), 180-190

Levy, P. 2010. Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Understanding the Workplace (Third Edition). New York: Worth Publisher

Liana, L., Jati, S., dan Warsono, H. (2021). Analisis Kesiapan Perubahan Organisasional Di Balkesmas Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan, 1(2), 1-14

Lockwood, M. A. (2008). The relationship of self-efficacy, perceptions of supervisor leadership styles and blue-collar employee engagement. UMI Diss. Services.

Luthans, F. (2012) Organization Behavior An Evidence-Based Approach, Organizational Behavior: An edivence-Based Approach. Boston: McGraw-Hill

Madsen, S. R., Miller, D., & John C. R. 2005. Readiness for organizational change: Do organizational commit-ment and social relationships in the workplace make a difference?. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16(2), 213-233

Mangkunegara, A.A AP. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Organisasi, Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung.

Mangundjaya, W. L. H. (2011), The role individual characteristics to individual readiness for change. Research publication. Limited Publication. University of Indonesia.

Mangundjaya, W. L. H. (2012). Are organizational commitment and employee engagement important in achieving individual readiness for change?. Humanitas, 9(2), 185.

Mahmudi. (2015). Manajemen Kinerja Sektor Publik Edisi Kedua.Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN.

McKay, K., Kuntz, J. R., & Naswall, K. (2013). The Effect of Affective Commitment, Communication and Participation on Resistance to Change: The Role of Change Readiness. The New Zealand Journal of Psychology Volume 42, 29-40

Meyer JP, and Allen NJ. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedent of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology. Vol. 63. No. 1. 1-18

Mills,J.H.,Dye,K.,& Mills,A.J. (2009). Understanding organizational change. New York,N.Y: Routledge

Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M. and Porter, L. W. (1979) ‘The measurement of organizational commitment’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), pp. 224–247

Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. and Steers, R. (1982) ‘Organizational linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover’. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. and Steers, R. M. (2013) Employee—organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York: Academic press.

Munawaroh, L dan Meiyanto, I. (2017). Peranan Psychological Capital Terhadap Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Yang Dimoderasi Oleh Dukungan Organisasi. Jurnal Psikologi. 4(3),

News, B. (2021). Revolusi Industri 4.0 Butuh SDM Dinamis, Terampil, Kreatif Dan Inovatif. Bisnis News.(https://bisnisnews.id/detail/berita/revolusi-industri-40-butuh-sdm-dinamis-terampil-kreatif-dan-inovatif, diakses pada 15 Maret 2022)

Newstorm, J. W. (2007). Organizational Behavior : Human Behavior at Work. New York : McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Sutardi, D., Gazali, G., & Silitonga, N. (2020). Pengaruh Kesiapan untuk Berubah dan Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Value : Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 15(2), 22 - 37

Nur, E. M., Lubis, A. R., Tabrani, M., & Djalil, M. A. (2021). Effects of Leadership, Employee engagement and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance : An Empirical Study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business., 8(6),1129–1309. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no6.1129

Pramadani, A. B. (2012). Hubungan antara Komitmen Organisasi dengan Kesiapan untuk Berubah pada Karyawan Divisi Enterprise Service (DES) Telkom Ketintang Surabaya. Jurnal Psikologi Industri Dan Organisasi, 1(03), 112–119

Pranatha, N. R. D., & Majorsy, U. (2019). Komitmen organisasi dan kesiapan untuk berubah pada karyawan media cetak. Jurnal psikologi, 11(1), 25-34.

Radian, N. N., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2019). Individual readiness for change as mediator between transformational leadership and commitment affective to change. Jurnal Manajemen Aset Infrastruktur & Fasilitas, 3(1).

Rafferty, A. E., Jimmieson, N. L., & Armenakis, A. A. (2013). Change readiness a multilevel review. Journal of Management, 39(1), 110-135.

Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R (2002). Perceived Organizational Support : A Review of the Literature, Journal. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87 (4) 698–714

Rizky, R., Pujiastuti, R., & Setiawan, H. (2022). Keterlibatan Karyawan Sebagai Variabel Pemediasi Pengaruh Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Kesiapan Untuk Berubah (Survei Pada Kantor Pos Pusat Purwokerto). Majalah Imiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 19(1), 47-57.

Robbins, Stephen P. (2006). Perilaku Organisasi. Edisi kesepuluh. Jakarta: PT Indeks Gramedia

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior : Global edition (15th ed.). Pearson

Robbins, S. P. and Judge, T. A. (2014) Buku Perilaku Organisasi Buku 2. Edisi ke-1. Edited by alih bahasa D. Angelica. Salemba Empat.

Robbins, S. P. and Judge, T. A. (2017) Essential of Organisational Behaviour. 14th edn. New Jersey: Pearson.

Sekaran,U dan Bougie, R. (2016). Research Method For Business: A Skill-

Building Approach 17th Edition. Chichester: Wiley

Saf'ani, F dan Ratnawati, I. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Variabel Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Sebagai Variabel Intervening Dalam Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0. Jurnal Studi Manajemen Organisasi. 18(2), 23-33

Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940610 690169

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). Test manual for the Utrecht Employee Engagement Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Utrecht University, the Netherlands. Retrieved from http://www.schaufeli.com

Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2003). Utrecht Employee Engagement scale-9. Educational and Psychological Measurement.

Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of Employee Engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and psychological measurement, 66(4), 701-716.

Schaufeli, Wilmar. (2014). Employee engagement in Theory and Practice. New York : Routledge

Shaw, K. (2005). An engagement strategy process for communicators. Strategic Communication Management, 9(3), 26- 29

Shore, L. M., & Shore, T. H. (1995). Perceived Organizational Support and organizational justice. In R. S. Cropanzano & K. M. Kacmar (Eds.), Organizational politics, justice, and support: Managing the social climate of the workplace (pp. 149–164). Westport, CT: Quorum

Simbolon, H. (2018). Pengaruh Employee engagement Terhadap Kesiapan Menghadapi Perubahan Organisasi. Psikodimensia

Smither, R., Houston, J., & McIntire, S. (2016). Organization development: Strategies for changing environments. Routledge.

Sobandi, B. (2015). Desentralisasi dan Tuntutan Penataan Kelembagaan Daerah. Bandung.

Sopiah. (2008). Perilaku Organisasi. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset

Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung :

Alfabeta, CV

Supriyono, R. A. (2019) Manajemen Risiko. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Susyanto, H. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Keterlibatan Pegawai Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kesiapan Untuk Berubah Dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Organisasi. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, dan Akuntansi (JEBA) Volume 21 Nomor 01

Thoha, M. (2014). Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Rineka.

Weiner, B. (2009). A Theory of Organization Readiness for Change.

Wibowo (2015) Perilaku Dalam Organisasi. 2nd edn. Medan: Raja Grafindo Persada

Widiarti, D., & Baidun, A. (2016). Pengaruh Modal Psikologis , Komitmen Organisasi Dan Perubahan HIMPSI DKI Jakarta UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Journal, Tazkiya Vol, Psychology, 4(1), 89–102

Wulandari, B. (2021). Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support dan Employee engagement terhadap Kesiapan Berubah Karyawan Bank X Cabang Medan (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Sumatera Utara).

Visagie, C. M., & Steyn, C. (2011). Organisational commitment and responses to planned organisational change: An exploratory study. Southern African Business Review, 15 (3), 98–121

Zahra, F. F., & Widawati, L. (2022, January). Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Kesiapan untuk Berubah pada Dosen. In Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 387-393).

Zangaro, G. A. (2001). Organizational Commitment: A Concept Analysis. Nursing Forum, 36(2), 14–21. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2001.tb01179.x

Zulkarnain, -, & Hadiyani, S. (2014). Peranan Komitmen Organisasi dan Employee engagement terhadap Kesiapan Pegawai untuk Berubah. Jurnal Psikologi, 41(1), 17

Absah, Y., Sadalia, I., Yuliaty, T., & Ilham, R. N. (2023). Msmes In Medan City During the New Normal. Quality - Access to Success, 24(193), 322–327. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.193.36

Cen, C. C., Cahyadi, W., Cahyadi, L., Candrasa, L., Sinurat, M., Ilham, R. N., & Saputra, J. (2021). Factors that affect competence and affective commitment and its implication on job performance: a case study of Stie Medan, Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 12, 4863–4870. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210842

Fuadi, Hasibuan, A. F. H., Ilham, R. N., Falahuddin, Wahyuddin, Khaddafi, M., Munandar, & Saputra, J. (2021). Investigating the effect of micro Waqf bank sector expansion on poverty alleviation: An evidence from Indonesia rural communities. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 4150–4158. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210745

Heikal, M., Ilham, R. N., Khaddafi, M., & Fuadi. (2022). Accelerate Economic Growth of Lhokseumawe City with Application of Supply Chain and Main Strategic Commodity Model Based on Sharia During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Quality - Access to Success, 23(191), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.191.16

Ilham, R. N., Erlina, Fachrudin, K. A., Silalahi, A. S., & Saputra, J. (2019). Comparative of the supply chain and block chains to increase the country revenues via virtual tax transactions and replacing future of money. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 1066–1069.

Ilham, R. N., Erlina, Fachrudin, K. A., Silalahi, A. S., Saputra, J., & Albra, W. (2019). Investigation of the bitcoin effects on the country revenues via virtual tax transactions for purchasing management. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(6), 737–740.

Mahdawi, Ratnawati, N., Saputra, J., Ilham, R. N., Siahaan, R., Jayanti, S. E., Sinurat, M., & Nainggolan, P. (2021). The effect of population growth on economic growth: An evidence from Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, July, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210843

Mahdawi, Triyono, Sinaga, S., Collyn, D., Zalukhu, R. S., Saputra, J., Ilham, R. N., & Harianto, S. (2021). Analyzing the banks’ performance through financial statements: An application of the modified du pont method. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 5593–5600. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210947

Sadalia, I., Fadli, Ilham, R. N., Sinurat, M., Saputra, J., & Putri, D. E. (2021). Does social media affect banking industry financial performance in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 3454–3459. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210620

Sadalia, I., Muharam, H., Mulyana, A., Saputra, J., & Ilham, R. N. (2020). A structural relationship of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation through supply chain management on competitive advantage of SMEs in North Sumatera, Indonesia: The mediating role of financing factor. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(4), 237–243.

Nur Ilham, R. ., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R., Multazam, M. ., & Saifanur, A. . (2021). RELATHIONSIP BETWEEN MONEY VELOCITY AND INFLATION TO INCREASING STOCK INVESTMENT RETURN: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC BY JAKARTA AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEM NEXT GENERATION (JATS-NG) PLATFORM. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i1.27

Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK IN ACEH. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191

Geovani, I. ., Nurkhotijah, S. ., Kurniawan, H. ., Milanie, F., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIMS OF THE ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE TO REALIZE LEGAL PROTECTION FROM HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS: RESEARCH STUDY AT THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN BATAM CITY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.10

Bustani, B., Khaddafi, M. ., & Nur Ilham, R. (2022). REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF REGENCY/CITY REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME IN ACEH PROVINCE PERIOD YEAR 2016-2020. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i3.277

Nur Ilham, R., Heikal, M. ., Khaddafi, M. ., F, F., Ichsan, I., F, F., Abbas, D. ., Fauzul Hakim Hasibuan, A. ., Munandar, M., & Chalirafi, C. (2021). Survey of Leading Commodities Of Aceh Province As Academic Effort To Join And Build The Country. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.19

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Falahuddin, F., Fuadi, . F., Munandar, M., Juanda, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2022). INCREASING BUSINESS SUPPORTING CAPACITY IN MSMES BUSINESS GROUP TEMPE BUNGONG NANGGROE KERUPUK IN SYAMTALIRA ARON DISTRICT, UTARA ACEH REGENCY. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.313

Majied Sumatrani Saragih, M. ., Hikmah Saragih, U. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO ICREASING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION FROM SPP AL-FALAH GROUP AT BLOK 10 VILLAGE DOLOK MASIHUL. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.11

Sandi, H. ., Afni Yunita, N. ., Heikal, M. ., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Sinta, I. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDGET PARTICIPATION, JOB CHARACTERISTICS, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK MOTIVATION AS MEDIATOR VARIABLES TO STRENGTHENING USER POWER PERFORMANCE: AN EMPERICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA GOVERNMENT. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.14

Sinurat, M. ., Heikal, M. ., Simanjuntak, A. ., Siahaan, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTEREST WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A VARIABLE INTERVENING IN BLACK ONLINE STORE HIGH CLICK MARKET: Case Study on Customers of the Tebing Tinggi Black Market Online Store. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.12

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019). Investigation of the Bitcoin Effects on the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions for Purchasing Management. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.6 December 2019.

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019).. Comparative of the Supply Chain and Block Chains to Increase the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions and Replacing Future of Money. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.5 August 2019.

Lasta Irawan, A. ., Briggs, D. ., Muhammad Azami, T. ., & Nurfaliza, N. (2021). THE EFFECT OF POSITION PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION WITH COMPENSATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES: (Case Study on Harvesting Employees of PT. Karya Hevea Indonesia). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i1.2

Rahmaniar, R., Subhan, S., Saharuddin, S., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Anwar, K. . (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASPECTS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE CHIPS INDUSTRY IN MATANG GLUMPANG DUA AND PANTON PUMP. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(7), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i7.36

likdanawati, likdanawati, Yanita, Y., Hamdiah, H., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, WORK MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PT. ACEH DISTRIBUS INDO RAYA. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(8), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i8.41

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Rico Nur Ilham, Irada Sinta, & Mangasi Sinurat. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS ON CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTMENT RETURNS WITH THE 5 (FIVE) HIGHEST MARKET CAPITALIZATIONS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(02), 1022–1035. Retrieved from http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/481

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Wayan Mertha, I. ., & Mahfud, M. (2022). HISTORY LEARNING BASED ON WORDWALL APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING RESULTS CLASS X IPS IN MA AS’ADIYAH KETAPANG. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(5), 507–612. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i5.369

Mahfud, M., Yudiana, I. K., & Sariyanto, S. (2022). HISTORY OF BANYUWANGI KALIKLATAK PLANTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v3i1.492

Mahfud et all (2021). PEMANFAATAN TRADISI RESIK LAWON SUKU USING SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH LOKAL PADA SMA DI BANYUWANGI. Media Bina Ilmiah Vol.16 No.3 Oktober 2021. http://ejurnal.binawakya.or.id/index.php/MBI/article/view/1294/pdf

Sinta, I., Nur Ilham, R. ., Authar ND, M. ., M. Subhan, & Amru Usman. (2022). UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN MARKETING GAYO ARABICA COFFEE. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(3), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i3.467

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Mahfud et all (2020). Developing a Problem-Based Learning Model through E-Learning for Historical Subjects to Enhance Students Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Rogojampi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (2020) 012014 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012014

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022). Social Status of Women in Early Kashmir. Journal homepage: www. ijrpr. com ISSN, 2582(7421), 26-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). An Analytical Study of the Kushan Rule in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(04), 9-14.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). A Historical Study of Prostitution. Journal of Media, Culture and Communication (JMCC) ISSN: 2799-1245, 2(04), 1-6.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Women Exploitation in the Contemporary India: Importance of Media to Impede it. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(02), 27-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Dr. BR Ambedkar’s Views on Religion and Conversion to Buddhism: An Analytical Study. Journal of Legal Subjects (JLS) ISSN, 25-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Ghandian Phase: Mahila-Samitis and the Role of Women in the Indian National Movement. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(01), 26-29.

Bhat, R. M. (2021). Reign of Utpala Dyansty with Special Reference to Avantiverman (855-883 AD): His Irrigation Works and Agricultural Development-A Historical Study. International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production (IJAAP) ISSN 2799-0907, 1(02), 10-16.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). CULTURAL HERITAGE OF EARLY KASHMIR-A STUDY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(4), 571-576.

Bhat, R. M. (2019). Ghadar Movement: Har Dayal and His Ideological Formulations. Think India Journal, 22(14), 2353-2363.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Legacy of Buddhism in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(03), 23-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2018). Shawl Industry in Kashmir from 1846-1907 with Special Reference to the Dogra Rule. In Source: Proceedings of the South Indian History Congress (Vol. 38, pp. 554-557).

Bhat, R. M. (2023). DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR’S ADVOCACY OF WOMEN RIGHTS. MORFAI JOURNAL, 2(4), 730-736.

Bhat, R. M. (2023). THE GHADAR MOVEMENT: IGNITING THE FLAME OF FREEDOM IN INDIA. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(4), 1123-1131.

Bhat, R. M., Rajan, P., & Gamage, L. (2023). Redressing Historical Bias: Exploring the Path to an Accurate Representation of the Past. Journal of Social Science, 4(3), 698-705.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Queen Yasovati: A Descriptive Study on her Leadership in the Kingdom of Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(05), 11-17.

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022, December). DIASPORIC CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-A HISTORICAL STUDY. In International Conference on Health Science, Green Economics, Educational Review and Technology (Vol. 4, pp. 41-46).

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Historical Review of Indian Constitution. TRADITIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 1(02), 100-110.

Bhat, R. M., Silllalee, A., & Kandasamy, L. S. (2023). Concepts and Contexts: The Interplay of Philosophy and History in Understanding Human Society. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(6), 2581-2590.